Martin Luther
15th Century, 16th Century, Germany
Century and Location
Western Christian, Protestant, Lutheran
Christian Tradition
Monk, Theologian, Clergy, Priest, Ascetic, Reformer, Polemicist
Noted Characteristics
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
In Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Extreme Unction, Magisterial Reformation, Marriage, Ordination, Sacraments
Herewith I conclude this prelude, and freely and gladly offer it to all pious souls who desire to know the genuine sense of the Scriptures and the proper use of the sacraments. For it is a gift of no mean importance, to know the gifts that are given to us, as it is said in I Cor. 2[:12], and what use we ought to make of them. For if we are instructed with this judgment of the spirit, we shall not mistakenly rely on those things which are wrong. These two things our theologians never taught us; indeed, they seem to have taken pains to hide them from us.
Secular Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed
In Governance, Magisterial Reformation, Politics, Secularism, Society
It is indeed true that Christians, so far as they themselves are concerned, are subject to neither law nor sword and need neither; but first take heed and fill the world with real Christians before ruling it in a Christian and evangelical manner. This you will never accomplish; for the world and the masses are and always will be unchristian, although they are all baptised and are nominally Christian.
On War Against The Turk
In Crusades, Freedom of Religion, Images, Islam, Magisterial Reformation, Roman Catholicism, Secularism, War
With this I have cleared my conscience. This book shall be my witness concerning the measure and the manner in which I advise war against the Turk. If any will proceed otherwise, let him proceed, win or lose. I shall not enjoy his victory and not pay for his defeat, but shall be innocent of all the blood that will be shed in vain. I know that this book will not make the Turk a gracious lord to me, if it comes before him; nevertheless, I have wished to tell my Germans the truth, so far as I know it, and give faithful counsel and service to the grateful and the ungrateful alike.
Whether Soldiers Too Can Be Saved
In Magisterial Reformation, Service, War
If one punishes a thief or a murderer or an adulterer, that is punishment inflicted on a single evildoer; but in a just war a whole crowd of evildoers, who are doing harm in proportion to the size of the crowd, are punished at once. If, therefore, one work of the sword is good and right, they are all good and right, for the sword is a sword and not a foxtail with which to tickle people.
Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed
In Free Will, Magisterial Reformation, Secularism, Service
Nobody else can go to heaven or hell for me, so nobody else can believe or disbelieve for me; as nobody else can open or close heaven or hell for me, so nobody else can drive me to belief or unbelief. How he believes or disbelieves is a matter for the conscience of each individual, and since this takes nothing away from the temporal authority the latter should be content to attend to its own affairs and let men believe this or that as they are able and willing, and constrain no one by force.